History of Biharis in Bangladesh, Role in the Liberation War, and Genocide

Posted on by

Who are Biharis?

Biharis are primarily an Urdu-speaking community originating from the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Odisha in undivided India. They started residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. Predominantly Muslim, they migrated from India to Pakistan, considering Pakistan as their religious homeland.

When and Where Did They Come to Bangladesh?

During the partition of India in 1947, many Urdu-speaking Muslims moved to East Pakistan. Among them, a significant number came from Bihar, thus gaining the name ‘Bihari.’ They settled in industrial cities like Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Narayanganj, Syedpur, and others, primarily engaging in business, technical work, and railways. Due to cultural and linguistic differences between the two parts of Pakistan, they couldn’t assimilate with the local Bengalis and preserved their Urdu-speaking community.

Biharis’ Role in the Liberation War

During the Liberation War in 1971, a notable section of the Biharis supported Pakistan. Various reasons contributed to this:

Linguistic and Cultural Differences: Being Urdu-speaking, they felt distinct from Bengalis.
Political and Economic Reasons: Some believed their interests would be harmed if Pakistan broke apart.
Fear and Insecurity: Early incidents of violence during the war led them to support Pakistan.

However, not all Biharis opposed the Liberation War. Many supported the war and helped the Bengalis, though they were fewer in number. After independence, a large segment of Biharis faced local hostility for their perceived betrayal.

Genocide of Biharis

During and after the Liberation War, Biharis faced numerous retaliatory attacks. Many Biharis were killed, and their properties were looted post-independence due to their collaboration with the Pakistani forces. They faced severe violence, especially in areas like Syedpur, Khulna, Narayanganj, Chittagong, and Mirpur.

Post-independence, many Biharis wanted to migrate to Pakistan, but the Pakistani government refused to accept them. As a result, they were stranded in Bangladesh, forced to live in refugee camps. Although the 1974 tripartite agreement led to some Biharis being accepted by Pakistan, most remained in Bangladesh.

The detailed account of the genocide carried out against the Biharis is documented in the “71 SLAUGHTERHOUSE“ documentary, created by Aisha Ghazi / iResist.

Current Situation of Biharis

Presently, approximately 250,000 Biharis live in Bangladesh. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh granted them citizenship in 2008, providing them with voting rights and other fundamental rights. However, they still face various social and economic issues. Many Biharis continue to live in camps and have not been fully integrated into civic life.

The history of Biharis is complex and sensitive. Despite their Pakistan-aligned stance during the Liberation War, they are now permanent residents of Bangladesh. Offering them equal opportunities in society, while moving beyond past divisions, would be a humane and just decision. Learning from history and advancing towards a united future benefits everyone.

How to install Canon LBP 6230 Printer driver

Posted on by

To install the driver for your Canon LBP6230 printer, follow these steps:

Download the Driver:
- Visit the Canon Support page.
- Enter your printer model, LBP6230, in the search box and select it from the list.
- Navigate to the Drivers & Downloads section.
- Choose your operating system from the dropdown menu.
- Download the appropriate driver for your system.
Install the Driver:
- Locate the downloaded driver file on your computer.
- Double-click the file to begin the installation process.
- Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
Connect the Printer:
- For USB Connection: Connect the printer to your computer using a USB cable.
- For Network Connection: Ensure your printer is connected to the same network as your computer.
Complete Setup:
- After installation, print a test page to confirm the printer is functioning correctly.

For a visual guide, you can watch this tutorial

Easy Ways to Do Voice Typing on Computer

Posted on by

You can use Windows, Google Docs, and various third-party software for voice typing (Speech-to-Text) on your computer. Below are the detailed methods:

1. Windows Speech Recognition (Windows Built-in Feature)

To use Windows’ own voice typing feature:

Press Windows + H (Works on Windows 10 and 11).
Dictation toolbar will appear on the screen.
Allow microphone access and speak in Bengali.
The text will be automatically typed.

👉 Note: Windows’ built-in Speech Recognition might not work well for Bengali. It’s better to use Google Voice Typing.

2. Google Docs Voice Typing (Most Effective and Popular Method)

Voice typing in Google Docs is very easy and effective.

✅ Method:

Open Google Docs in Google Chrome browser ().
Go to Tools > Voice Typing.
Click on the Microphone icon.
Select Language: Bengali (Bangladesh).
Allow microphone access and speak; it will automatically type.

👉 Google Docs Voice Typing works great for all kinds of Bengali writing!

3. Google Voice Typing (Using Gboard or Google Assistant)

If you want to type on the computer using your mobile:

Install the Google Gboard app (Android/iPhone).
Enable Voice Typing in Gboard on your mobile.
Open WhatsApp Web / Google Keep on PC.
Voice type on the mobile and copy-paste it to the PC.

4. Voice Typing in Microsoft Word

To do direct voice typing in Microsoft Word:

Use Microsoft 365 or Office 2019/2021.
Go to Home > Dictate (Microphone icon) > Select Language: Bengali.
Speak into the microphone and it will be automatically typed.

5. Third-party Software (Speech-to-Text Software)

The following software supports Bengali voice typing well:

Speechnotes ()
Voice Notebook

Conclusion:

✅ Best Method: Google Docs Voice Typing. ✅ For Windows users: Windows Speech Recognition + Microsoft Word Dictate. ✅ If you want to type using mobile: Gboard + Google Keep.

Let us know which method works best for your needs! 😊

How to Operate a Computer Without a Mouse?

Posted on by

You can easily control your computer without a mouse using keyboard shortcuts. Below are some essential keyboard shortcuts for Windows and Mac users.

📌 Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows:

1️⃣ Open Start Menu: Ctrl + Esc or Win
2️⃣ Launch Programs: Win + R (Open Run and type software name)
3️⃣ Switch Between Tabs: Alt + Tab
4️⃣ Open File Explorer: Win + E
5️⃣ Open Settings: Win + I
6️⃣ Show Desktop: Win + D
7️⃣ Open Right-Click Menu: Shift + F10
8️⃣ Open Task Manager: Ctrl + Shift + Esc
9️⃣ Rename Files or Folders: F2
🔟 Lock Computer: Win + L

📌 Keyboard Shortcuts for Mac:

1️⃣ Spotlight Search (To find apps or files): Command + Space
2️⃣ Access Dock: Control + F3
3️⃣ Switch Tabs: Command + Tab
4️⃣ Force Quit Apps: Command + Option + Esc
5️⃣ Open System Preferences: Command + , (comma)

📌 How to Control Mouse Cursor with Keyboard?

📌 For Windows:
1️⃣ Press Win + Ctrl + Num Lock.
2️⃣ Use 8, 2, 4, 6 on the Numeric Keypad to move the cursor.

📌 For Mac:
1️⃣ Go to System Preferences → Accessibility → Mouse & Trackpad.
2️⃣ Enable Mouse Keys to control the cursor using the keyboard.

You can perform all tasks like navigation, launching apps, file management, etc., without a mouse by mastering keyboard shortcuts. This will make your work much faster!

What is an Owner’s Engineer in Project Implementation?

Posted on by

An Owner’s Engineer (OE) plays a crucial role in project implementation, acting as an independent consultant on behalf of the project owner. Their primary responsibility is to oversee, manage, and ensure quality control throughout the project lifecycle.

Key Responsibilities of an Owner’s Engineer:

✅ Design Review & Approval – Evaluates project designs, technical specifications, and compliance with regulations.
✅ Contractor & Vendor Management – Monitors the performance of contractors and suppliers to ensure project success.
✅ Quality Control & Assurance – Ensures that materials, equipment, and construction meet industry standards.
✅ Risk Assessment & Problem Solving – Identifies potential risks and provides solutions to mitigate project challenges.
✅ Project Budget & Timeline Monitoring – Ensures the project stays within budget and is completed on time.

Why is an Owner’s Engineer Important?

Having an Owner’s Engineer in a project reduces risks, enhances efficiency, and safeguards the owner’s interests by providing expert oversight and technical support.

If you’re looking to optimize project execution, hiring an Owner’s Engineer can significantly improve cost control, quality assurance, and compliance management.

Poetry

Posted on by

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

By Robert Frost

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village though;

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near

Between the woods and frozen lake

The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound’s the sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

Tetulia Travel Guide: Unveiling the Beauty of Northern Bangladesh

Posted on by

Meta Title: Tetulia Travel Guide – Best Places to Visit in Northern Bangladesh
Meta Description: Discover the breathtaking beauty of Tetulia, Bangladesh. Explore Kanchenjunga viewpoints, Banglabandha Zero Point, Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate, and more in this ultimate travel guide.

Introduction: A Journey into the Heart of Tetulia

Traveling offers the joy of discovering new places, meeting fascinating people, and immersing yourself in diverse cultures. When life feels repetitive, taking a break in nature can be the perfect remedy.

As a mechanical engineer, I often find myself stuck in the cycle of work. To break free, I believe in traveling and reconnecting with nature. That’s why I embarked on an unforgettable journey to Tetulia, Bangladesh, to witness the stunning Kanchenjunga from afar.

This guide will take you through the scenic landscapes, historical landmarks, and hidden gems of Tetulia.

Rajshahi to Panchagarh: The Beginning of the Journey

Our adventure began on November 10, 2022, when I and a group of 12 enthusiastic travelers decided to explore Tetulia. We departed from Rajshahi at 9 PM on the Titumir Express.

Night Train Experience

The train ride was nothing short of magical. As I gazed through the window, the moonlight illuminated the endless paddy fields, creating a mesmerizing view. Engrossed in music, laughter, and endless conversations, the journey passed in the blink of an eye.

By dawn, we arrived at Panchagarh station, where the crisp morning air and gentle mist welcomed us. From there, we had pre-booked two auto-rickshaws to take us to our first stop—Tetulia.

Tetulia Dak Bungalow & Kanchenjunga Viewpoint

Tetulia Dak Bungalow: A Hidden Gem

Tetulia Dak Bungalow

One of Tetulia’s most famous attractions is the Tetulia Dak Bungalow, offering a panoramic view of the majestic Kanchenjunga, the third-highest peak in the world.

Things to Do at Tetulia Dak Bungalow:

✅ Enjoy the tranquil riverside scenery
✅ Capture stunning landscape photography
✅ Witness Kanchenjunga on a clear day
✅ Relax amidst lush greenery

Kanchenjunga

Unfortunately, foggy weather prevented us from seeing Kanchenjunga, but the serene surroundings and fresh air more than made up for it.

Banglabandha Zero Point: A Historical Landmark

Banglabandha Zero Point: The Gateway to India

Next, we headed to Banglabandha Zero Point, a significant Bangladesh-India border crossing.

Highlights of Banglabandha Zero Point:

✔️ Visit the Bangladesh-India Maitri Monument, symbolizing international friendship
✔️ Observe border security operations by BGB and BSF
✔️ Learn about historical cross-border trade routes

Standing at the border, I couldn’t help but appreciate the historical importance of this location. It’s a must-visit for history enthusiasts!

Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate: Bangladesh’s Only Organic Tea Garden

Our next stop was the Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate, the only organic tea plantation in Bangladesh.

Why Visit Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate?

✅ Stunning tea gardens with lush greenery
✅ A peaceful escape from city life
✅ A chance to taste pure organic tea
✅ Beautiful artificial lakes and scenic resorts

A Stroll Through the Tea Gardens

Walking through the misty tea plantations, surrounded by chirping birds and rolling hills, felt surreal. The estate even has a wooden bridge over a picturesque lake, offering a breathtaking sunset view.

Tea Tasting Experience at Kazi & Kazi Tea Estate

One of the most exciting parts of our visit was tasting freshly brewed organic tea. Unlike commercial tea brands, Kazi & Kazi tea is free from chemicals and processed with natural methods.

What Makes Their Tea Unique?

✔ 15-20-year-old naturally grown tea plants
✔ Produced on flat lands instead of hills (rare for Bangladesh)
✔ Offers a rich, refreshing taste

Sipping a warm cup of pure organic tea while overlooking the endless green plantations was truly an experience to cherish.

Returning to Rajshahi: Cherishing the Memories

As the sun began to set, it was time to head back to Rajshahi. Though we were leaving Tetulia physically, our hearts remained with the beautiful landscapes, the crisp mountain air, and the unseen Kanchenjunga.

Throughout the journey home, we shared funny moments, favorite memories, and future travel plans. One thing was certain—Tetulia had left an everlasting impression on all of us.

Plan Your Tetulia Trip Today!

If you’re a nature lover, adventure seeker, or history enthusiast, Tetulia should be on your travel bucket list!

Top Reasons to Visit Tetulia:

✔ Witness Kanchenjunga from Bangladesh
✔ Explore the historical Banglabandha Zero Point
✔ Enjoy the serene Tetulia Dak Bungalow
✔ Visit the unique Kazi & Kazi Organic Tea Estate

Final Travel Tips:

📌 Best Time to Visit: October to March (for the best Kanchenjunga views)
📌 How to Get There: Take the Titumir Express or Ekota Express to Panchagarh, then hire a local auto-rickshaw to Tetulia.
📌 Accommodation: Stay at Tetulia Dak Bungalow or local resorts for a peaceful getaway.

Have You Visited Tetulia? Share Your Experience!

Have you been to Tetulia or any of these places? We’d love to hear about your experience! Drop a comment below and inspire fellow travelers.

📍 Start planning your Tetulia adventure today and experience the beauty of northern Bangladesh! 🌿🏔✨

MS Word Excel

Posted on by

How to Set Some Pages in Portrait and Some in Landscape in Microsoft Word?

Many Microsoft Word users need to format their documents with both Portrait and Landscape pages in the same file. This is particularly useful for tables, charts, and wide content that require extra space. In this post, we will guide you step by step on how to achieve this easily.

📌 Step-by-Step Guide: Setting Some Pages in Portrait & Some in Landscape in MS Word

🔹 Step 1: Select the Page to Change Layout

First, place your cursor before the page that you want to convert to Landscape mode.

🔹 Step 2: Insert a Section Break

📌 This is a crucial step! Without a Section Break, Portrait & Landscape won’t work together.

➡ To add a Section Break:
1️⃣ Go to the Layout tab.
2️⃣ Click on Breaks.
3️⃣ Select Next Page.

This will separate the previous and new sections, allowing you to change the layout without affecting the entire document.

🔹 Step 3: Change the Page Orientation

➡ To set the selected pages as Landscape:
1️⃣ Place the cursor inside the newly created section.
2️⃣ Go to the Layout tab and click Orientation > Landscape.

Now, only the selected page(s) will be Landscape, while the rest will remain Portrait!

🔹 Step 4: Switch Back to Portrait Mode

➡ To change the next section back to Portrait:
1️⃣ Place your cursor at the beginning of the next page after Landscape mode.
2️⃣ Repeat Step 2 and insert another Section Break.
3️⃣ Go to Layout > Orientation > Portrait.

✅ That’s it! Now your document has both Portrait and Landscape pages as needed! 🎉

📌 Why is This Important?

✔ To present large tables and charts effectively
✔ For professional presentations and reports
✔ To maintain proper formatting when exporting as PDF

By following this method, you can professionally format your Microsoft Word document with both Portrait and Landscape pages. If you found this tip helpful, don’t forget to share it! 🚀💡

Land Management

Posted on by

Relationship and Differences among CS, SA, and RS Deeds

CS (Cadastral Survey), SA (State Acquisition), and RS (Revisional Survey) deeds are three crucial stages of land ownership and land records in Bangladesh.

✅ CS (Cadastral Survey) Deed:

Conducted during the British period (1888-1940) through land surveys.
CS Khatian is prepared to determine the quantity and ownership of land.
Known as the primary land record.

✅ SA (State Acquisition) Deed:

Introduced after the abolition of the Zamindari system in 1950.
New Khatian is prepared by modifying the CS deed in this survey.
Changes in land ownership occurred due to government acquisition.

✅ RS (Revisional Survey) Deed:

Introduced after independence for modernization purposes.
Errors in the CS and SA surveys are corrected, and a new RS Khatian is prepared.
RS Khatian is the most reliable for verifying current land ownership.

📌 Interrelationship of CS, SA, and RS:

Land records have been updated in the CS → SA → RS stages.
While the CS deed is the fundamental basis, the RS Khatian is more accepted for final ownership verification.
To ensure the history of the land, it is important to cross-check CS, SA, and RS Khatians together.****************************

Child Care

Posted on by

Care for a Baby from 7 Months to 1 Year:

Taking care of a baby between 7 months and 1 year involves proper food, sleep, health, safety, and mental development. Daily care is essential for the baby’s nutrition and growth.

1. Food and Nutrition:

✅ Breast Milk: Breast milk or formula should be the primary food until the baby is 1 year old.
✅ Solid Foods: From 7 months to 1 year, introduce 2-3 solid meals a day.
✅ Food Types: Khichuri, dal-rice, boiled egg yolk, vegetables, fruits (banana, papaya, apple, pear), oats, suji, yogurt, cheese.
✅ Water: Provide boiled or filtered water to the baby.
✅ New Foods: Introduce new foods one at a time and observe for 3-4 days for any allergic reactions.

2. Sleep Routine:

✅ Sleep Requirements: A baby at 1 year needs around 13-14 hours of sleep a day, with 10-12 hours at night and 2-3 hours during the day.
✅ Sleeping Environment: Ensure the room is calm, safe, and comfortable.
✅ Establish a Routine: Create a routine before sleep, like bathing, playing soft music, or reading a story.

3. Health and Hygiene:

✅ Vaccinations: Ensure the baby gets all required vaccinations.
✅ Health Checkups: Monitor the baby’s weight and height to ensure proper growth.
✅ Hygiene: Clean the baby’s hands and face regularly, and start brushing their teeth with a soft brush.
✅ Protection from Cold and Heat: Protect the baby from extreme temperatures.

4. Safety:

✅ Safety in the Home: Keep sharp objects and harmful substances away from the baby. Install safety gates near stairs.
✅ Toys: Choose safe toys that don’t have small parts or sharp edges.

5. Mental and Social Development:

✅ Play: Use colorful books, building blocks, balls, or music to stimulate play.
✅ Talking: Engage in conversations with the baby, tell stories, and talk to them regularly.
✅ Understanding Emotions: Be patient and try to understand the reasons behind the baby’s crying.